A proton isn't just three quarks and gluons, but a sea of dense particles and antiparticles inside. The more precisely we look at a proton and the greater the energies that we perform deep inelastic ...

Credit; NASA, ESA, E. Jullo (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), P. Natarajan (Yale University), and J.-P. Kneib (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, CNRS, France) In our everyday lives, we see many ...

In new work, high-energy physicists have observed two long-sought quantum states in the bottomonium family of sub-atomic particles. The result will help researchers better understand one of the four ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. Depending on how you look at it, each force has a scale and a ...

New research could tell us about particle interactions in the early universe and even hint at new physics. Much of the matter in the universe is made up of tiny particles called quarks. Normally it’s ...

We dive into the weird world of quantum chromodynamics and the strong force. Quantum mechanics gets weirder as you go to smaller sizes and higher energies. It’s strange enough for atoms, but ...

Researchers have measured the strong force, which binds together the particles that make up protons and neutrons, to the highest degree of precision ever. Despite being the most powerful of all the ...

Physics at the smallest scales is a challenge of observation: Particles are often fleeting, and the forces that govern their behavior are nearly imperceptible. But now, by exploiting decades-old data ...

A new study identifies a transition in the strong nuclear force that illuminates the structure of a neutron star's core. Most ordinary matter is held together by an invisible subatomic glue known as ...

NEWPORT NEWS, VA – Much ado was made about the Higgs boson when this elusive particle was discovered in 2012. Though it was touted as giving ordinary matter mass, interactions with the Higgs field ...