Smoking tobacco is so harmful to the body that it changes a person’s immune system, leaving them vulnerable to more disease and infection even years after they’ve quit, a new study found. Although ...

Innate immunity is a foundational field in immunology, critical for understanding how organisms sense and respond to danger, be it pathogens or sterile ...

We are now approaching six years since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, yet talk of ...

The human body’s defensive lineup is impressive—from made-to-order antibodies to natural-born killers. Here’s how it wards off sickness in every season. When pathogens invade our bodies—in the form of ...

A comparison between a healthy brain (left) and a brain severely affected by Alzheimer’s disease (right). Alzheimer’s leads to significant shrinkage and loss of brain tissue, reflecting the damage ...

Scientists generally agree that eukaryotes, the domain of life whose cells contain nuclei and that includes almost all multicellular organisms, originated from a process involving the symbiotic union ...